Patterson Onion Sets

Days to Maturity: 110

Copra replacement with higher yield potential, Patterson Onion is grown as a bulb vegetable. The plant sets uniform, 3- to 4-inch, globe-shaped bulbs with sweet, slightly pungent flavor. Onions are a good source of folate and vitamin C. Storage potential is 10 to 12 months.

This plant is a member of the amaryllis family (Amaryllidaceae). Typically grown as an annual, the onion is an herbaceous biennial plant with an upright habit of linear, cylindrical, hollow, glaucous leaves that arise in a basal rosette and are typically bluish green in color. The plant has a medium growth rate.

Onions are great companion plants in the garden. They naturally deter certain garden pests, like aphids, Japanese beetles, sugar beet-flea beetles, deer, and rabbits. Onions can also improve the flavor of some of their companions, while some companions, like chamomile and summer savory, can improve the onion's flavor. Scattering them around the vegetable garden helps to produce healthier harvests.

Think of onions as a leaf crop, not a root crop. They prefer full sun and loose, fertile, moist, well-drained soil with a pH of 6.2 to 6.5. A lower or higher pH may result in poor bulb quality or small yields. Long-day onion varieties grow well in the northern regions with 14 to 16 hours of day length in the summer. The more sun and space between plants, the bigger the bulb. Onions have shallow root systems and need consistent moisture. Onions are heavy feeders. Adding manure or compost to the soil several weeks before planting (or the winter before) and applying fertilizer when planting and again when plants have 5 to 6 leaves increases plant size. And since each leaf represents one ring of the onion bulb, more leaves equal more rings, resulting in bigger bulbs. Keep beds free of weeds, which will compete with the onions for water and nutrients. To avoid disease, practice crop rotation, planting onions in a different location every year.

A cool-season vegetable, one of the first to be planted in the garden, Patterson Onion Sets can be direct sown into the garden as soon as the soil is workable in early spring, weeks before the last frost-free date, for a summer harvest. But they can also be started indoors and transplanted, spring and fall. Planting sets in midsummer will produce a fall or spring harvest. They need cold temperatures to germinate and grow. Plant shallowly and early but protect plants from heavy frost with row covers.

Harvest onions when two-thirds of the leaves fall over and turn brown. Leave them lying in the garden for 1 to 2 days to dry, if weather permits; continue drying them for 2 to 3 weeks in a cool, dry, sunny location; and once completely dried, store them in a dark, dry environment in mesh bags or crates with good air circulation.

Onion sets are small onion bulbs grown in the previous season. The partially formed bulbets are around ¾ inch in diameter, making them easier to plant than seed. They develop into full-size bulbs quickly after planting, in approximately 3½ months. Sets tend to produce stronger, more vigorous plants compared to seed, ensuring larger yields.